In some sponges, like Leucosolenia, just these three components: Ostia, Spongocoel, and Osculum – form the canal system. This cavity opens to the outside through a pore (or pores) known as Osculum (or Oscula). The pores lead directly or indirectly into the central cavity known as Spongocoel (spongos, sponge + koilos, cavity) or Paragastric Cavity. The surface of the body bears pores known as Dermal Pores or Ostia (singular is “Ostium”, which in Latin means: door). Sponges are either radially symmetrical or have no symmetry (asymmetrical). Sponges are sessile (not mobile) organisms including both solitary and colony-forming types.īody of a sponge is vase-like, tubular (tube-like), cylindrical, branched, cushion-shaped, etc. All Poriferans, animals of the phylum Porifera, are aquatic with most of them being marine. In Porifera (sponges), only cells show division of labor for the purpose of performing specialized functions. Porifera includes very primitive multi-cellular animals having only the cellular level of body organization with no tissues and organs. The animals of this phylum have tiny pores in their body walls, and this characteristic feature is the basis of the name of this phylum. The term “Porifera” literally means “ Pore Bearers”. Porifera is a phylum comprising of the multi-cellular invertebrate animals called Sponges. The author has also included the Reproduction and Development of Sponges. This article reveals the Biology of Sponges (phylum Porifera) by studying the Morphology, Anatomy, Histology, and Physiology of Sponges.
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